GLOSSARY
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A
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ACCOUNT
Registro de todas as transações
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ACCOUNT BALANCE
Quantidade de dinheiro em uma conta.
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APPRECIATION
Uma moeda é dita para apreciar as subidas dos preços em resposta à procura do mercado; um aumento no valor de um ativo.
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ARBITRAGE
Tirando partido de um contra poder dos preços nos diferentes mercados através da compra ou venda de um instrumento, e tendo simultânea de igualdade e de uma posição oposta no mercado relacionado a um lucro de pequenas diferenças de preços.
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ASK, OFFER
O preço, ou taxa, de que um vendedor está disposto a vender.
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AUSSIE
O dólar australiano
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B
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BACK OFFICE
Os serviços e processos relacionados com a liquidação de operações financeiras (ou seja, uma confirmação por escrito e de liquidação de operações, conservação de registos).
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BALANCE OF TRADE
O valor de um país calculado pelas suas exportações menos importações.
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BAR CHART
Um tipo de gráfico consiste em quatro pontos principais: a alta e a baixa dos preços, que constituem a barra vertical, a abertura dos preços, que é marcado com uma pequena linha horizontal à esquerda da barra, e ao preço de fechamento, que é marcado com uma pequena linha horizontal à direita da barra.
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BASE CURRENCY
StartForex oferece aos seus clientes a opção de um fundo imediato a sua conta usando um cartão de crédito, além de outros métodos de financiamento. A utilização de um cartão de crédito com Start Forex é segura, rápida e fácil. Utilizando a mais recente tecnologia no mercado para proteger os clientes.
Isto permite que o profissional a financiar a sua posição em qualquer momento, 24 horas por dia de forma fácil e rápida.
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BASIS POINT
Um centésimo de um por cento.
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BEAR
Um investidor que cree que o mercado e os preços serão reduzidos.
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BEAR MARKET
Um mercado caracterizado por um período prolongado de queda de preços acompanhados de pessimismo generalizado.
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BID
O preço que um comprador está disposto a comprar e o preço oferecido por uma moeda.
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BIG FIGURE
Dealer phrase se refere ao primeiro dígito de uma taxa de câmbio. Esses dígitos raramente mudam de flutuações normais do mercado, conseqüentemente, são omitidas do concessionário aspas, especialmente em tempos de mercado com altas atividades. Por exemplo, USD / Yen a taxa poderá ser 107.30/107.35, mas foi citada por via oral, sem os três primeiros dígitos ou seja, "30/35".
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BONDS
As obrigações são títulos negociáveis (dívidas) que são emitidos por um mutuário para a obtenção de capitais. Eles pagam sendo juros fixos ou flutuantes, conhecido como o cupom. Quando as taxas de juros descem, os preços dos títulos sobem e vice-versa
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BRETTON WOODS AGREEMENT OF 1944
Um acordo que estabeleceu as taxas de câmbio fixas para as principais moedas, desde que o banco central interviu nos mercados cambiais, e ligados ao preço do ouro no E.U.A. US$35 por onça. O acordo durou até 1971, quando o Presidente Nixon anulou o acordo de Bretton Woods e estabeleceu uma taxa de câmbio flutuante para as principais moedas
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BROKER
Uma pessoa ou empresa, que atua como um intermediário, reunindo compradores e vendedores geralmente atravésde uma taxa ou comissão. Em vez disso, um "distribuidor" tem o compromisso de um capital e participa de uma situação, na esperança de ganhar a propagação (lucro), fechando a posição em negociações subsequentes com uma outra parte
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BUBA
Bundesbank Banco Central da Alemanha
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BULL
Um investidor que acredita que o mercado e os preços vão aumentar.
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BULL MARKET
mercado caracterizado por um período prolongado de aumento dos preços. (Em frente ao mercado bearish)
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C
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CABLE
Trader jargão da libra esterlina britânica referindo-se à Sterling / E.U. dólar. Prazo começou devido ao fato da taxa ser originalmente transmitida através de um cabo transatlântico a partir de meados-1800.
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CANDLESTICK CHART
GrÁfico que indica a o intervalo de negociação para o dia, bem como a abertura e encerramento dos preços. Se a abertura do preço é superior ao preço de fechamento, o rectângulo entre a abertura e o encerramento dos preços é a sombra, como demarcada. Se o preço de fecho for superior ao preço,a área da tabela não é demarcada.
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CAPITAL MARKETS
Os mercados de investimento a médio e longo prazo (normalmente mais de 1 ano). Estes instrumentos internacionais são negociáveis e não do mercado monetário (ou seja, os títulos do Tesouro e Eurobonds).
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CENTRAL BANK
Um governo ou uma organização semi governamental que gere o setor monetário de um país. uma política de nações imprime uma moeda. Por exemplo, E.U. banco central é o Federal Reserve, outros incluem o BCE, BOE, BOJ.
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CHARTIST
Uma pessoa que usa tabelas e gráficos e interpreta os dados históricos para encontrar e prever as tendências futuras deslocações.
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CLEARING
O processo de resolução de comércio.
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CLOSED POSITION
Os riscos em moeda estrangeira que não existem mais. O processo para fechar uma posição é a de comprar ou vender uma certa quantidade de moeda para compensar um igual montante da posição aberta. Este "quadrado" posição.
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COMISSION
Uma operação cobrada por um broker (corretor).
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CONFIRMATION
Um documento aceito por duas partes, em uma transação que confirma os termos ditos/escritos no documento
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CONTRACT
A unidade de negociação
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COUNTER PARTY
O participante, seja o banco ou o cliente, com os quais a operação financeira é feita.
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CROSS RATE
Uma taxa de câmbio entre as duas moedas. A taxa era de passagem disse que não era estandarte no país em que a divisa foi citada. Por exemplo, os E.U., GBP / CHF As cotações seriam consideradas uma taxa cruz, enquanto no Reino Unido ou na Suíça é uma das principais divisas.
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CURRENCY
Qualquer forma de moeda emitida pelo governo ou um banco central e utilizado como moeda legal e uma base para o comércio.
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CURRENCY PAIR
As duas moedas que compõem uma taxa de câmbio. Por exemplo, EUR / USD
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CURRENCY RISK
O risco de incorrer em perdas resultantes de uma alteração adversa das taxas de câmbio.
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D
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DAY TRADING
Opening and closing the same position or positions within the same trading session.
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DEALER
An individual or firm that acts as a principal or counterpart to a transaction.
Principals take one side of a position, hoping to earn a spread (profit) by closing
out the position in a subsequent trade with another party. In contrast, a broker
is an individual or firm that acts as an intermediary, putting together buyers and
sellers for a fee or commission.
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DEFICIT
A negative balance of trade or payments.
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DELIVERY
An actual delivery where both sides transfer possession of the currencies traded.
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DEPOSIT
The borrowing and lending of cash. The rate that money is borrowed/lent at is known
as the deposit rate (or depo rate). Certificates of Deposit (CD`S) are also tradable
instruments.
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DEPRECIATION
A decline in the value of a currency due to market forces.
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DERIVATIVE
A contract that changes in value in relation to the price movements of a related
or underlying security, future or other physical instrument. An Option is the most
common derivative instrument.
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DEVALUATION
The deliberate downward adjustment of a currency's price, normally by official announcement.
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E
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ECB - EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK
The Central Bank for the European Monetary Union.
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ECONOMIC INDICATOR
A statistic that indicates current economic growth and stability issued by the government
or a non-government institution (i.e. Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Employment Rates,
Trade Deficits, Industrial Production, and Business Inventories).
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EMU - EUROPEAN MONETARY UNION
The principal goal of the EMU is to establish a single European currency called
the Euro, which will officially replace the national currencies of the member EU
countries in 2002. On Janaury1, 1999 the transitional phase to introduce the Euro
began. The Euro now exists as a banking currency and paper financial transactions
and foreign exchange are made in Euros. This transition period will last for three
years, at which time Euro notes an coins will enter circulation. On July 1,2002,
only Euros will be legal tender for EMU participants, the national currencies of
the member countries will cease to exist. The current members of the EMU are Germany,
France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Austria, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, Italy,
Spain and Portugal.
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END OF DAY (MARK TO MARKET)
Traders account for their positions in two ways: accrual or mark-to-market. An accrual
system accounts only for cash flows when they occur, hence, it only shows a profit
or loss when realized. The mark-to-market method values the trader`s book at the
end of each working day using the closing market rates or revaluation rates. Any
profit or loss is booked and the trader will start the next day with a net position.
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EURO
The currency of the European Monetary Union (EMU) which replaced the European Currency
Unit (ECU).
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EXECUTION DATE
The date on which a trade occurs.
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F
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FED - FEDERAL RESERVE
The Central Bank for the United States.
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FIXED EXCHANGE RATE
An official exchange rate set by monetary authorities for one or more currencies.
In practice, even fixed exchange rates fluctuate between definite upper and lower
bands, leading to intervention.
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FLAT (SQUARED, BALANCED)
To be neither long nor short is the same as to be flat or square. One would have
a flat book if he has no positions or if all the positions cancel each other out.
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FOMC - FEDERAL OPEN MARKET COMMITTEE
The Federal Reserve monetary committee.
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FOREX - Foreign Exchange
The simultaneous buying of one currency and selling of another in an over-the-counter
market. Most major FX is quoted against the US Dollar.
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FORWARD
The pre-specified exchange rate for a foreign exchange contract settling at some
agreed future date, based upon the interest rate differential between the two currencies
involved.
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FORWARD POINTS
The pips added to or subtracted from the current exchange rate to calculate a forward
price.
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FRA - FORWARD RATE AGREEMENTS
FRA`s are transactions that allow one to borrow/lend at a stated interest rate over
a specific time period in the future.
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FRONT AND BACK OFFICE
The front office usually comprises of the trading room and other main business activities.
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FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS
Analysis of economic and political information with the objective of determining
future movements in a financial market.
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FUTURES CONTRACT
An obligation to exchange a good or instrument at a set price on a future date.
The primary difference between a Future and a Forward is that Futures are typically
traded over an exchange (Exchange- Traded Contacts - ETC), versus forwards, which
are considered Over The Counter (OTC) contracts. An OTC is any contract NOT traded
on an exchange.
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G
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G5
The five leading industrial countries, being US, Germany, Japan, France, UK.
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G7
The seven leading industrial countries, being US, Germany, Japan, France, UK, Canada,
Italy.
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GDP - GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
Total value of a country's output, income or expenditure produced within the country's
physical borders.
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GNP - GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
Gross domestic product plus income earned from investment or work abroad.
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GTC - GOOD TILL CANCELLED
An order left with a Dealer to buy or sell at a fixed price. The GTC will remain
in place until executed or cancelled.
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H
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HEDGE
A position or combination of positions that reduces the risk of your primary position.
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HIGH/LOW
Usually the highest traded price and the lowest traded price for the underlying
instrument for the current trading day.
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I
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IMG - INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
The IMF is an international organization of 184 member countries. It was established
to promote international monetary cooperation, exchange stability, and orderly exchange
arrangements; to foster economic growth and high levels of employment; and to provide
temporary financial assistance to countries to help ease balance of payments adjustment.
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INFLATION
An economic condition where there is an increase in the price of consumer goods,
thereby eroding purchasing power.
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INITIAL MARGIN
The initial deposit of collateral required to enter into a position as a guarantee
on future performance.
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INTERBANK RATES
The Foreign Exchange rates at which large international banks quote other large
international banks.
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INTERVENTION
Action by a central bank to effect the value of its currency by entering the market.
Concerted intervention refers to action by a number of central banks to control
exchange rates.
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IRS - INTEREST RATE SWAPS
An exchange of two debt obligations that have different payment streams. The transaction
usually exchanges two parallel loans; one fixed the other floating.
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K
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KIWI
The New-Zealand Dollar.
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L
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LEADING INDICATORS
Economic variables that are considered to predict future economic activity (i.e.
Unemployment, Consumer Price Index, Producer Price Index, Retail Sales, Personal
Income, Prime Rate, Discount Rate, and Federal Funds Rate).
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LEVERAGE
Also called margin. The ratio of the amount used in a transaction to the required
security deposit.
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LIBOR - LONDON INTERBANK OFFERED RATE
The London Inter-Bank Offered Rate. Large international banks use LIBOR when borrowing
from another bank.
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LIMIT ORDER
An order with restrictions on the maximum price to be paid or the minimum price
to be received. As an example, if the current price of USD/YEN is 117.00/05, then
a limit order to buy USD would be at a price below 102. (ie 116.50)
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LIQUIDATION
The closing of an existing position through the execution of an offsetting transaction.
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LIQUIDITY
The ability of a market to accept large transaction with minimal to no impact on
price stability.
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LONG
A position to purchase more of an instrument than is sold, hence, an appreciation
in value if market prices increase.
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LONG POSITION
A position that appreciates in value if market prices increase. When the base currency
in the pair is bought, the position is said to be long.
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LOONIE
The Canadian Dollar.
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M
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MARGIN
The required equity that an investor must deposit to collateralize a position.
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MARKET MAKER
A dealer who regularly quotes both bid and ask prices and is ready to make a two-sided
market for any financial instrument.
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MONEY MARKETS
Refers to investments that are short-term (i.e. under one year) and whose participants
include banks and other financial institutions. Examples include Deposits, Certificates
of Deposit, Repurchase Agreements, Overnight Index Swaps and Commercial Paper. Short-term
investments are safe and highly liquid.
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MONEY SUPPLY
Money supply figures, and M1 specifically, once were the most important release
to watch in the Treasury market, as the Fed directly targeted M1 growth in the early
1980s. The focus on money supply has long since been abandoned, however. To the
extent that money supply is still monitored by the market, M2 is the favored monetary
aggregate. The Fed still targets both M2 and M3 in a rhetorical sense, but these
targets mean little when it comes to policy decisions. If the Fed misses its target,
it is more likely to change the target than it is to change policy. In 2000, the
Fed finally abandoned the targets altogether, thereby removing any remaining emphasis
on this one-time star release.
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MPC - MONETARY POLICY COMMITTEE
A committee of the central bank that is responsible for the monetary policy decisions.
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O
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OCO - ONE CANCELS THE OTHER
A contingent order where the execution of one part of the order automatically cancels
the other part.
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OPEN ORDER
An order that will be executed when a market moves to its designated price. Normally
associated with Good 'til Cancelled Orders.
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OPEN POSITION
An active trade with corresponding unrealized P&L, which has not been offset by
an equal and opposite deal.
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OPTIONS
An agreement that allows the holder to have the option to buy/sell a specific security
at a certain price within a certain time. Two types of options � call and put. A
call is the right to buy while a put is the right to sell. One can write or buy
call and put options.
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ORDER
An order is an instruction, from a client to a broker to trade. An order can be
placed at a specific price or at the market price. Also, it can be good until filled
or until close of business.
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OVERNIGHT POSITION
A trade that remains open until the next business day.
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P
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POINTS, PIPS
The term used in currency market to represent the smallest incremental move an exchange
rate can make. Depending on context, normally one basis point (0.0001 in the case
of EUR/USD, GBD/USD, USD/CHF and .01 in the case of USD/JPY).
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POSITION
A position is a trading view expressed by buying or selling. It can refer to the
amount of a currency either owned or owed by an investor.
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PREMIUM
In the currency markets, it is the amount of points added to the spot price to determine
a forward or futures price.
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PROFIT/LOSS (P&L)
The actual "realized" gain or loss resulting from trading activities on Closed Positions,
plus the theoretical "unrealized" gain or loss on Open Positions that have been
Mark-to-Market.
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Q
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QUOTES
An indicative market price; shows the highest bid and/or lowest ask price available
on a security at any given time.
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R
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RALLY
A recovery in price after a period of decline.
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RANGE
The difference between the highest and lowest price of a future recorded during
a given trading session.
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RATE
The price of one currency in terms of another.
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REPO - REPURCHASE
This type of trade involves the sale and later re-purchase of an instrument, at
a specified time and date. Occurs in the short-term money market.
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RESISTANCE
A term used in technical analysis indicating a specific price level at which a currency
will have the inability to cross above. Recurring failure for the price to move
above that point produces a pattern that can usually be shaped by a straight line.
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RISK MANAGEMENT
To hedge one's risk they will employ financial analysis and trading techniques.
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ROLL OVER
Process whereby the settlement of a deal is rolled forward to another value date.
The cost of this process is based on the interest rate differential of the two currencies.
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S
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SETTLEMENT
TThe process by which a trade is entered into the books and records of the counterparts
to a transaction. The settlement of currency trades may or may not involve the actual
physical exchange of one currency for another.
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SHORT
To go `short` is to have sold an instrument without actually owning it, and to hold
a short position with expectations that the price will decline so it can be bought
back in the future at a profit.
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SHORT POSITION
An investment position that benefits from a decline in market price. When the base
currency in the pair is sold, the position is said to be short.
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SPOT
A transaction that occurs immediately, but the funds will usually change hands within
two days after deal is struck.
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SPOT PRICE
The current market price. Settlement of spot transactions usually occurs within
two business days.
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SPREAD
The difference between the bid and offer (ask) prices; used to measure market liquidity.
Narrower spreads usually signify high liquidity.
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STOP LOSS ORDER
An order to buy/sell at an agreed price. One could also have a pre-arranged stop
order, whereby an open position is automatically liquidated when a specified price
is reached or passed.
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SUPPORT LEVELS
A technique used in technical analysis that indicates a specific price ceiling and
floor at which a given exchange rate will automatically correct itself. Opposite
of resistance.
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SWAP
A currency swap is the simultaneous sale and purchase of the same amount of a given
currency at a forward exchange rate.
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T
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TECHNICAL ANALYSIS
An effort to forecast prices by analyzing market data, i.e. historical price trends
and averages, volumes, open interest, etc.
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TICK
A minimum change in price, up or down.
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TOMORROW NEXT (TOM/NEXT)
Simultaneous buying and selling of a currency for delivery the following day.
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TWO WAY PRICE
Both the bid and ask rate is quoted for a Forex transaction.
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U
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US PRIME RATE
The interest rate at which US banks will lend to their prime corporate customers.
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V
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VALUE DATE
The date on which counterparts to a financial transaction agree to settle their
respective obligations, i.e., exchanging payments. For spot currency transactions,
the value date is normally two business days forward. Also known as maturity date.
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VOLATILITY
A statistical measure of a market or a security's price movements over time and
is calculated by using standard deviation. Associated with high volatility is a
high degree of risk.
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VOLUME
The number, or value, of securities traded during a specific period.
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